Формування та використання інтелектуального потенціалу в національній економіці України

Abstract

У даній статі на основі науково-практичних джерел досліджено якісне та кількісне визначення категорії інтелектуального потенціалу. В процесі дослідження було визначено суттєві розбіжності, які спостеріга¬ються в науковій літературі щодо оцінки інтелектуального потенціалу в тому числі й в національній економіці, оскільки, одні автори досліджують проблему в площині номінального інтелектуального потенціалу, а інші – вивчають реальний інтелектуальний потенціал. Проаналізовано сучасний стан інтелектуального потенціалу національної економіки України та досліджено загальні підходи до його формування та використання. Розгля¬нуто індекс інтелектуального потенціалу національної економіки як композитний індекс. Запропоновано заходи для покращення стану інтелектуального потенціалу в національній економіці.

This article investigated the qualitative and quantitative determination of the category of intellectual potential based on scientific and practical sources. The internal contradiction of the category of intellectual potential is revealed in this process. It was determined that the main intellect-forming factors in the development of the intellectual potential of the post-industrial economy: science and education, determine only the potential intellect-producing ability of society, and it’s difficult to direct in the right direction. The necessary vector is achieved with the help of intellectually guiding factors of intellectual potential – moral institutions (religion, culture, art, etc.). The intellectual potential of a society is the potential (that is, used and unused) aggregate ability of people to acquire and acquire knowledge, to create new knowledge and to use it for the development of spheres of material and spiritual production in their interpenetration, interdependence and interac¬tion through the production of material and intellectual and spiritual products for the purpose of human reproduction. In the course of the research, significant differences were observed, which are observed in the scientific literature regarding the assessment of intellectual potential, including in the national economy. Some authors investigate the problem in the plane of nominal intellectual potential, while others study the real intellectual potential. The nominal intellectual potential of the national economy is quite high, according to official statistics. The real intellectual potential of the national economy is at a rather low level. Our country is among the developing countries in terms of international rankings, as well as the main macroeconomic indicators of economic and social development. Direct and indirect intelligence-related indicators were analyzed to assess the relationship between intellectual potential and economic development. Such indicators include: human potential index, intellectual capital index, educational potential index, scientific potential index, public expenditure indices, R&D index, global competitiveness index, technological achievement index, etc. Ukraine ranks 88th in terms of human development in 2018, and is among the countries with average calculated indexes. For Ukraine it is necessary to introduce large-scale state investment activity in the sphere of intellectualization of society. Then the predictive value of the index of intellectual potential of the national economy can be stabilized and positive dynamics of growth will continue to be observed. The transformation of intellectual potential into innovative development of a country depends on the level of education, science, innovation infrastructure and the relevant state policy. According to the study, it can be emphasized that intellectual potential is a factor that determines the divergence of countries in population incomes, the competitiveness of national economies and the overall economic development opportunities.