Practically valuable metabolites of marine microorganisms

Abstract

The review considers the modern literature data on the synthesis by fungi, actinobacteria, and bacteria isolated from marine ecosystems (seawater, bottom sediments, flora and fauna, mangrove biomes, glaciers), practically valuable metabolites. Marine microorganisms synthesize a wide range of practically valuable enzymes (cold-active galactosidase, agarase, alginate lyase, fucoidase, chitinase, etc.), surface-active glyco- and lipopeptides with emulsifying, antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity, as well as secondary metabolites with diverse biological activity (antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic). However, the use of marine producers in biotechnological processes is constrained by their low synthesizing capacity and high costs of biosynthesis (complex nutrient media and expensive carbohydrate substrates). In biotechnology, marine microorganisms can be used as sources of genes encoding the synthesis of new biologically active substances with unique properties, including antimicrobial and antitumor.