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Determination of the dependence of the plant growth characteristics on the concentration of petrochemiscals in the soil
(2021) Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Lapan, Oksana; Dmytrukha, Tetyana; Petrusenko, Valentyna
The peculiarities of sanitary and hygienic rationing of the oil products content in environmental components were analyzed. It was established that the general ecological situation in our country and abroad is unsatisfactory and the issue of finding modern methods of standardizing the quality of environmental components, which would cover the indicators and criteria of their composition and properties, is becoming increasingly urgent. Together, it would ensure ecologically sustainable development of the biosphere in all hierarchical levels of its organization. It was established that such an assessment system does not exist today and therefore, there is no generally accepted universal method for assessing the quality of the environmental components. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a methodology, in particular a method of biotesting, which will provide a generalized qualitative assessment of the ecological state of the environment, without being based on the quantitative characteristics of the MPC. The possibility of applying a new method of phytotesting of soil that was artificially contaminated with different types of petrochemicals in different concentrations per unit volume of soil using flax seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L.) was investigated. The growth characteristics of the test plants grown on artificially contaminated soil with petroleum products were presented. In the course of research, the possibility of studying the effect of petrochemicals on plants directly in artificially contaminated soil was confirmed. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that when the soil is contaminated with oil products, the aviation fuel has a greater impact on the shoots, whereas gasoline and diesel fuel have a lower impact on the roots in lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, their depressant effect is almost equal
The usage of plant test systems for the determination of phytotoxicity of contaminated with petroleum products soil
(2021) Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Lapan, Oksana; Dmytrukha, Tetyana; Korniienko, Iryna
The level of phytotoxicity of the soil samples artificially contaminated with the aviation kerosene was determined in the work. The dependences of the growth characteristics of the plant test system (flax) on the excess of the approximate permissible concentrations (APC) of the oil product concentration in the soil were identified. The change in the mass of raw material depending on the level of aviation kerosene contamination of soil samples was determined. A decrease in the plant growth activity with an increase in the content of aviation fuel in the soil was established. It was found that there is a hormesis effect at certain concentrations of aviation kerosene in the soil. The comparison of the concentration dependences of the action of petroleum products on the growth rates of seedlings and their dependence on the distance to the source of pollution allowed in the latter case to conduct a kind of “dosimetry” on exposure concentrations when the petroleum product concentration was not determined
Investigation of the influence of hyperthermia and soil Pollution with the petrochemicals on test objects using the Method of mathematical planning
(2022) Cherniak, Larysa; Petruk, Roman; Mikhieiev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Petruk, Galyna
To increase the effi ciency of using methods for assessing the level of soil contamination by oil products against the background of the infl uence of other factors. Methodology. The authors consider the possibility of using bioassays to study the impact of several stressors on the test system. Based on the theory of experiment planning, a methodology for researching the infl uence of hyperthermia and soil contamination with kerosene on the growth parameters of test objects was developed. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, regression models were built which allow fi nding a numerical estimate of the impact of stress factors on changes in the characteristics of the test object. Findings. It was determined that, as a rule, in order to assess the infl uence of stressful factors when normalizing the assumed levels of their infl uence on humans and ecosystems using biotesting methods, such an assessment is carried out for individual factors. But, in the real conditions of existence of plants and organisms, they are exposed to the simultaneous infl uence of many factors that can interact non-additively, i.e. as antagonists or synergists. In order to increase the effi ciency of the use of methods for biotesting of the level of soil contamination by oil products against the background of the infl uence of other factors, the authors applied one of the methods of mathematical planning of the experiment. It was concluded that the eff ect of one factor depends, to a certain extent, on the eff ect of the other factor, the eff ect of which was studied in the work. The fact of the non-additive eff ect of the factors used in the experiment makes it possible to recommend the use of test objects in the practice of monitoring the condition of soils in technogenically loaded territories previously exposed to the action of hyperthermia. Originality. The toxic eff ect of the petroleum product depends, to a certain extent, on the eff ect of hyperthermia. Pretreatment of the test objects with a hyperthermic factor in a hormesis dose had a preventive eff ect, increasing the resistance of the test objects to the eff ect of the petroleum product. Practical value. The fact of the non-additive eff ect of the factors used in the experiment makes it possible to recommend the use of test objects previously exposed to the action of hyperthermia for monitoring the condition of soils in technogenically loaded territories.

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