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Документ Some characteristics of central metabolism in Acinetobacter sp. grown on ethanol(2003) Pirog, Tatiana; Kuzminska, Yu.Ethanol-grown cells of the mutant Acinetobacter sp. strain 1NG, incapable of producing exopolysaccharides, were analyzed for the activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and some biosynthetic pathways. In spite of the presence of both key enzymes (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) of the glyoxylate cycle, these cells also contained all enzymes of the TCA cycle, which presumably serves biosynthetic functions. This was evident from the high activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase and the low activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate was formed in the reaction catalyzed by oxaloacetate decarboxylase, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) was synthesized by the two key enzymes (PEP carboxykinase and PEP synthase) of gluconeogenesis. The ratio of these enzymes was different in the exponential and the stationary growth phases. The addition of the C4-dicarboxylic acid fumarate to the ethanolcontaining growth medium led to a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the activity of enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, as well as of fumarate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, PEP synthase, and PEP carboxykinase (the activity of the latter enzyme increased by more than 7.5 times). The data obtained can be used to improve the biotechnology of production of microbial exopolysaccharide ethapolan on C2-substrates.Документ Peculiarities of ethanol metabolism in an Acinetobacter sp. Mutant strain defective in exopolysaccharide synthesis(2002) Pirog, Tatiana; Sokolov, I.; Kuzminska, Yu.; Malashenko, YuriActivities of the key enzymes of ethanol metabolism were assayed in ethanol-grown cells of an Acinetobacter sp. mutant strain unable to synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS). The original EPS-producing strain could not be used for enzyme analysis because its cells could not to be separated from the extremely viscous EPS with a high molecular weight. In Acinetobacter sp., ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde proved to be catalyzed by the NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1.). Both NAD+ and NADP+ could be electron accepters in the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase reaction. Acetate is implicated in the Acinetobacter sp. metabolism via the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA-synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1.). Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1.) activity was also detected, indicating that the glyoxylate cycle is the anaplerotic mechanism that replenishes the pool of C4-dicarboxylic acids in Acinetobacter sp. cells. In ethanol metabolism by Acinetobacter sp., the reactions involving acetate are the bottleneck, as evidenced by the inhibitory effect of sodium ions on both acetate oxidation in the intact cells and on acetyl-CoA-synthetase activity in the cell-free extracts, as well as by the limitation of the C2-metabolism by coenzyme A. The results obtained may be helpful in developing a new biotechnological procedure for obtaining ethanol-derived exopolysaccharide ethapolan. В клетках выращенного на этаноле мутантного штамма Acinetobacter sp., не образующего экзополисахариды (ЭПС), определены активности ключевых ферментов метаболизма этанола. Клетки исходного ЭПС-образующего штамма не могли быть использованы для проведения энзимологических исследований ввиду невозможности их отделения от высоковязкого ЭПС с высокой молекулярной массой. Установлено, что окисление этанола до ацетальдегида у Acinetobacter sp. катализируется НАД+-зависимой алкогольдегидрогеназой (КФ 1.1.1.1.). Акцепторами электронов в ацетальдегиддегидрогеназной реакции являются НАД+ и НАДФ+. Ацетат вовлекается в метаболизм Acinetobacter sp. при участии ацетил-КоА-синтетазы (КФ 6.2.1.1.). Наличие изоцитратлиазы (КФ 4.1.3.1.) свидетельствует о том, что анаплеротической последовательностью реакций, восполняющих пул С4-дикарбоновых кислот в клетках Acinetobacter sp., является глиоксилатный цикл. «Узким» местом метаболизма этанола у бактерий Acinetobacter sp. является вовлечение ацетата в метаболизм, о чем свидетельствует ингибирование окисления ацетата в интактных клетках и активности ацетил-КоА-синтетазы в бесклеточном экстракте ионами натрия, а также лимитирование С2- метаболизма коэнзимом А. Полученные данные являются основой для разработки новой технологии получения экзополисахарида этаполана на основе этанола.Документ Regulation of Acetate Metabolism in a Strain of Acinetobacter sp. Growing on Ethanol(2003) Pirog, Tatiana; Kuzminska, Yu.Ethanol metabolism in Acinetobacter sp. is shown to be limited by the rate of acetate assimilation,a reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1). Effects of ions (sodium, potassium, and magnesium), by-products of ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation (NADH and NADPH), and pantothenic acid on this enzyme are studied (sodium, NADH, and NADPH inhibit acetyl-CoA synthetase; pantothenic acid, potassium, and magnesium act as enzyme activators). Conditions of culturing were developed under which ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate in Acinetobacter cells were oxidized at the same rates, producing a threefold increase in the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase in the cell-free extract. The results of studies of acetyl-CoA synthetase regulation in a mutant strain of Acinetobacter sp., which is incapable of forming exopolysaccharides, provide a basis for refining the technology of ethapolan production involving the use of C2 substrates.