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Документ The study of technogenically transformed water ecosystems within аviation facilities operation area(2018) Madzhd, Svitlana; Pysanko, YanaThe object of the research is technogenically transformed aquatic ecosystem which helps to develop water protection measures and ensure the ecological safety of technogenically conditioned ecosystems of rivers passing through urban areas within aviation repair facilities. The conceptual model of aquatic ecosystem consists of the Nyvka and Irpin rivers, both aquatic ecosystems belong to the Dnieper basin, and the permanent trophic connection makes it possible to consider them as the conceptual majority of interconnected constituents. The aim of the work: to study main features of the formation of technogenically conditioned water ecosystems of small and medium rivers due to anthropogenic influence of the aviation repair facilities. Methods: were used a biotesting method, a method of the complex water quality assessment, a substrate biological transformation model based on the law of non-linear mathematical model of Mono and Michaelis-Menten. The technogenic impact index for every pollutant was calculated. Results: it was found the content of heavy metals, oil products, nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen in the surfacewater of the Nyvka and Irpin rivers. Investigated samples of the Nyvka water were of V water quality class and the Irpin water was of I V water quality class. The hydrochemical analyze of the Irpin river has shown that limitation factors affecting the water quality, cause the disturbance of the self-remediation ability of the water ecosystem. Was shown changes of contaminant concentration in the Irpin River current. Discussions: obtained results of the modeling of the Irpin water self-remediation from contaminants are represented that the constant for contamination agents such as nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and Cu2+ have negative values. The predominating negative values indicate, that in the aquatic environment selfremediation processes have not time to occur, as water is being very active contaminated from the mowings, neighboring agricultural lands.Документ Development of a procedure for determining the basic parameter of aquatic ecosystems functioning – environmental capacity(2019) Isaienko, Volodymyr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Pysanko, Yana; Nikolaiev, Kyrylo; Bovsunovskyi, Yevhen; Cherniak, LarysaДослiджено основний параметр функцiонування гiдроекосистем – екологiчну ємнiсть. Параметр є ефективним показником порушення структурно-функцiональних змiн техногенно трансформованого водного об’єкту. Застосована адаптована концептуальна модель системи iндикаторiв: “Дiї – Стану – Наслiдкiв”. Вiдповiдно до розробленої класифiкацiї системи iндикаторiв, баланс екологiчної ємностi гiдроекосистеми виступає частиною iнтегрального показника стану водної екосистеми, як наслiдок дiї екзогенних факторiв антропогенного походження. Завдяки застосуванню iнтегральних систем iндикаторiв стало можливим надати не лише якiсну, а й кiлькiсну характеристику екологiчної ємностi. В якостi об’єкта дослiджень обрано гирлову дiлянку середньої рiвнинної рiчки, яка виступає найбiльш репрезентативною її складовою, та вiддзеркалює наслiдки антропогенного впливу якi вiдбуваються в басейнi рiчки. Враховуючи iєрархiчнiсть рiвнiв розвитку водних систем, дослiдження стану середнiх рiчок на локально- му рiвнi дозволить розробити водоохороннi заходи, якi сприятимуть покращенню якостi великих рiчок. Розроблена методика може бути успішно адаптована для iнших техногенно змiнених рiчок рiвнинних територiй. Результати проведених математичних роз рахункiв представленi у виглядi графiкiв залежностi екологiчної ємностi та техноємностi вiд численних параметрiв функцiонування гiдроекосистеми. Показано динамiки змiн цих параметрiв за 2009–2017 роки. Результати дослiдження свiдчать, що бiота адаптувалась до певного рiвня техногенного забруднення i в перiод 2012–2016 року екологiчна ємнiсть була стабiльною (27–37), що є оптимальними умовами iснування гiдроекосистеми. Узагальнена оцiнка змiн за весь дослiджуваний перiод дає пiдстави стверджувати, що вiдбулася втрата екологiчної ємностi (знижується до 13,3) внаслiдок понаднормативного техногенного впливу на рiчкову гiдроекосистему, i це створює передумови для формування техноємностi. Як наслiдок, фiксується зниження рiвня залишкового екологiчного резерву, необхiдного для вiдновлення техногенно змiненої гiдроекосистеми рiчки The main parameter of hydroecosystems functioning - ecological capacity - is investigated. This parameter is an effective indicator of disturbance of structural and functional changes in a technogenically transformed water body. An adapted conceptual model of the indicator system was used: ‘Action - State - Consequences’. According to the developed classification of the indicator system, the balance of the ecological capacity of the hydroecosystem is part of the integrated indicator of the aquatic ecosystem state as a result of the action of exogenous factors of anthropogenic origin. The use of integrated indicator systems makes it possible to provide not only a qualitative but also a quantitative description of the ecological capacity. The research object was the mouth section of a medium-sized lowland river, which is the most representative of its components and reflects the effects of anthropogenic impacts in the river basin. Given the hierarchy of levels of development of water systems, the study of the state of medium-sized rivers at the local level will allow the development of water protection measures that will improve the quality of large rivers. The developed methodology can be successfully adapted for other technologically modified rivers in the plains. The results of the mathematical calculations are presented in the form of graphs of dependence of ecological capacity and technological capacity on numerous parameters of hydroecosystem functioning. The dynamics of changes in these parameters for 2009-2017 are shown. The results of the study indicate that the biota has adapted to a certain level of temperatureДокумент Examining the efficiency of electrochemical purification of storm wastewater at machine-building enterprises(2018) Мaksimenko, Оlena; Pancheva, Natalia; Madzhd, Svitlana; Pysanko, Yana; Briankin, Оlena; Tykhomyrova, Tatiana; Hrebeniuk, TatianaThe composition of contaminated stormwater from the territory of an engineering enterprise is investigated. It was found that the territory is unevenly polluted, and among the pollution of surface runoff water from the territory adjacent to the production workshops, copper ions prevail up to 1.1 mg/dm3, zinc up to 2.0 mg/dm3, nickel up to 1.6 mg/dm3, chromium 0.93 mg/dm3 and lead up to 5.0 mg/dm3. It has been proved that the following factors significantly affect the removal of metal ions during electrocoagulation treatment: flow rate of wastewater entering the treatment for purification; the time of settling of wastewater after and the current density during electrolysis. On the basis of experimental studies, graphical dependences of the purification efficiency on the current density and water settling time were constructed. The optimal parameters of the wastewater treatment process have been determined, which ensure a sufficiently high efficiency of water purification from heavy metal ions. ions (up to the values of the discharge standards) at an acceptable power consumption. It was found that the best conditions for nickel and lead precipitation are a current density of 50 A/m3 and a settling time after electrocoagulation for 9 hours. Optimal conditions for copper and zinc precipitation are 12 hours, and reducing the chromium concentration to safe concentrations is possible at a current density of 10 A/m3 and a settling time of 4 hours. It was found that the efficiency of of metal ions purification significantly increases with the increase in current and settling time, in addition, the efficiency of settling is 1.4-3 times higher than the increase in current density