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Документ Synergistic effect of surfactants of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 and essential oils on Candida genus yeast(2022) Pirog, Tatiana; Kliuchka (Nykytyuk), Lilia; Shevchuk, Tetiana; Muchnyk, FainaThe increase in the number of resistant strains of Candida genus representatives, capable of forming biofi lms on various surfaces, stimulates the search for new, alternative methods of combating them, one of which is the use of compounds of natural origin, such as essential oils. However, at the same time, their concentration should be minimal, which is due to the ability of essential oils to cause severe damage of the human’s central nervous system and aspiration pneumonia. This leads to the necessity of searching for new methods to reduce the concentration of essential oils and at the same time to preserve their properties, in particular, by their use in a mixture with other antimicrobial agents, which can be microbial surfactants. Previously, it was found that the degree of yeast biofi lm destruction under the action of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants dependson the nature of the growth substrate and is the highest in the presence of preparations synthesized on purified glycerol. Aim. To study the synergism of antifungal activity and the role in the destruction of biofilms of a mixture of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants synthesized on glycerol of different quality and essential oils. Methods. N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 was grown in a medium containing purified glycerol or waste from biodiesel production at a concentration of 2% (v/v) as carbon sources. The surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of cultural liquid by a modified Folch mixture. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils, surfactants, and their mixtures was determined by the index of the minimum inhibitory concentration. To assess the synergistic effect of a mixture of surfactants with essential oils, the fractional inhibitory concentration index was used. The degree of biofi lm destruction (%) was determined as the difference between the cell adhesion in untreated and treated with surfactants, essential oil, or their mixture wells of the polystyrene microplates. Results. It was found that the surfactants synthesized by N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 on both purifi ed glycerol and waste from biodiesel production showed synergistic antifungal activity in mixtures with cinnamon and lemongrass essential oils. Thus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against Candida albicans D-6, Candida utilis BVS-65, and Candida tropicalis RE-2 of a mixture of surfactants synthesized on purified glycerol with cinnamon and lemongrass essential oils were 1.8—7.5 and 3.7— 15 μg/mL, respectively, and were lower than in the case of using surfactants (30-60 μg/mL), cinnamon or lemongrass essential oil (156—312 μg/mL) alone. The use of a mixture of surfactants obtained on waste from biodiesel production and cinnamon or lemongrass essential oils made it possible to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the latter against studied yeast test cultures by 14—56 times. At the same time, the index of fractional inhibitory concentration did not exceed 0.5, which indicates the synergism of the antifungal activity of the mixture of these compounds. The destruction of Candida yeast biofi lms under the action of surfactants synthesized on both purified glycerol and waste from biodiesel production in a mixture with cinnamon or lemongrass essential oils reached 60—67 and 67—77%, respectively, which is an average of 25—35% higher compared to the use of each monopreparation separately. Conclusions. The results presented in this paper confirm the previously obtained data that N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants, synthesized on both traditional substrates and toxic industrial wastes, have antimicrobial and antiadhesive synergistic action with essential oils, which allows us to consider them as potential components of the so-called «antifungal locks» in the fight against of Candida genus representatives.Документ Synergism of antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants in a mixture with essential oils(2020) Pirog, Tatiana; Kliuchka (Nykytyuk), Lilia; Kliuchka, Igor; Shevchuk, Tetiana; Iutynska, GalynaAn increase in the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms has stimulated the search for alternatives to antibiotics substances of natural origin, which are essential oils (EO) and non-toxic biodegradable microbial surfactants. Aim. To investigate the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity of a mixture of EO and surfactants of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 synthesized on various oil-containing media. Methods. N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 was grown in medium containing as carbon source refined sunflower oil, oil after frying french fried potatoes, potato wedges and meat. The surfactants were extracted from supernatant of cultural liquid by modified Folch mixture. The antimicrobial action of tea tree, cinnamon and lemongrass EO, surfactants and their mixtures was determined by index of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Synergistic effect of surfactants and EO was evaluated by indicator of fractional inhibitory concentration. The degree of bacteria and fungi biofilms destruction under the action of surfactants, EO and their mixtures was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results. It was found that N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants synthesized on all oil-containing substrates showed a synergistic antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity with the investigated EO. MIC of a surfactants and EO mixture against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis BT-2 (spores), Escherichia coli IEM-1, Staphylococcus aureus BMS-1) and yeast (Candida albicans D-6, Candida utilis BVS-65 and Candida tropicalis RE-2) were 2–20 μg/ml and were significantly lower than each compound separately (156–625 and 8–80 μg/ml for EO and surfactants, respectively). The destruction of bacterial and yeast biofilms under the action of a mixture of surfactants (20–40 μg/ml) and EO (20–40 μg/ml) was 1.3–2.9 times higher compared with using of each component separately at similar concentrations. Conclusions. The data presented the possibility of using a mixture of EO and surfactants not only to reduce their MIC, but also as effective antimicrobial and anti-adhesive agents.Документ Practically valuable properties of the surfactant synthesized by Rhodococcus genus actinobacteria(2020) Pirog, Tatiana; Petrenko, Natalia; Skrotska, Oksana; Paliichuk, Olesia; Shevchuk, Tetiana; Iutynska, GalynaCurrently, microbial surfactants are the objects of intense research because of their surface-active and emulsifying properties, high antimicrobial, anti-adhesive activity, and ability to destroy biofilms. The review provides current literature data on the properties of surfactants synthesized by Rhodococcus genus actinobacteria, determining their practical significance. The researchers’ interest in the surfactants of Rhodococcus bacteria is primarily due to their key role in the destruction of xenobiotics (aliphatic, heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Information on the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity of surfactants of Rhodococcus genus bacteria remains scarce at present, while the immunomodulatory properties of these products of microbial synthesis are studied more actively than for other microbial surfactants known in the world. The data of our experimental studies on the practically valuable properties of surfactants synthesized by Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 are presented. Unlike surfactants of other representatives of Rhodococcus genus bacteria, surfactants of IMV As-5017 strain are multifunctional preparations. Because in addition to the high efficiency of the destruction of oil pollution, including complex with heavy metals, surfactants are characterized by high antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity, including the ability to destroy biofilms.