Періодична вегетаріанська преса в україні на початку хх ст.: проблеми становлення та функціонування. На матеріалах журналу «Вегетарианское обозрение»

Abstract

У статі йдеться про єдиний вегетаріанський друкований орган Російської імперії – журнал «Вегетарианское обозрениезапочаткований 1909 р. Й. Перпером у м. Кишиневі, а з 1910 р. по травень 1915 р. виходив у м. Києві. Проаналізовано періодичність його друку, обсяг, ціну, редакційний склад, тематику, мету та завдання. Визначено головних редакторів, видавців журналу та їхній персональний внесок у розвиток видання. Наголошено, що до складу співробітників редакція зараховувала понад 30 осіб, у тому числі Л.М. Толстого, який всіляко сприяв журналу. Доведено, що журнал впродовж часу свого виходу постійно переживав нестачу фінансів. З’ясовано, що підтримувати його друк довгий час вдавалось виключно зусиллями та коштами співробітників і, в першу чергу, його редакторів. Прослідковано додаткові джерела фінансування журналу. The article refers to the sole vegetarian body of the Russian Empire. This is «Vegetarianskoye obozrenie» («Vegetarian Review») magazine which was launched in 1909 by J. Perper in Kyshyniv. Starting from 1910 it had been coming out in Kyiv till forced closure by the authorities in 1915. The periodicity of its printing, volume, price, editorial structure, subject, purpose and tasks were analyzed in the article. It was found out that the magazine was published monthly, 10 times a year, except for June and July. Designed for a wide range of readers it was issued in Russian and had a broad programme. The volume of one issue used to be 32 pages but due to financial challenges twin issues were frequently published. During the whole period of magazine’s existence, the cost of annual subscription was stable, although the retail price varied significantly. In order to attract as many readers as possible, publishers sometimes offered substantial discounts. But still, in 1914 constant financial difficulties forced them to abandon this practice. Obviously, issued number of copies had never been sold out. Thus in 1915 readers were offered to buy a whole-year set of issues published in 1909. There were determined main editors of the magazine. These were J. Perper (1909), O.Kondratkovska (starting from 1910), J. Sklovskyi (starting from Issue #4, 1911), J. Perper (starting from Issue #5, 1915). Regarding publishers, these were J. Perper (1909), O. Kondratkovska (starting from Issue #2, 1910), L. Fish and J. Perper (starting from Issue #4, 1911). The editorial staff counted more than 30 people, most of whom weren’t local. One of editorial commission’s members was L. Tolstoy. He was an ideologist of Russian Empire vegetarian movement and highly contributed to publishing of the magazine. It is proved that the magazine, during its existence, was experiencing a severe financial crisis and was repeatedly on the verge of closure. The editorial staff, in the first place, relied on their readers, constantly encouraging them to popularize the magazine. But its publication was managed solely by efforts of publishers and other members of editorial staff. Starting from 1913 financial problems had been partly covered by private donations and significant contributions from vegetarian associations in support of the magazine. This contributed to the stabilization of the financial condition of the edition and led to its improvement. However, it did not solve the problems permanently.