One of the areas for studying alternative bread product formulations in terms of their energy efficiency is the use of kefir, a lactic acid product containing live cultures of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, as part of the liquid phase of the dough. Existing research on technologies and formulations using kefir confirms a positive impact on consumer qualities, organoleptic characteristics, and physicochemical properties, including the specialized bread products. And studies of functional bread products made with kefir demonstrate the resistance of probiotic substances to adverse production conditions and a positive impact on human health
